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JBIG is a file format used for bi-level image compression, especially for black and white images like scanned documents and faxes. It provides higher compression rates than older formats such as Group 3 and Group 4 fax standards, making it useful in bandwidth-limited environments. The format was standardized by the ITU in the early 1990s, aiming to improve fax transmission efficiency worldwide.
Technically, JBIG uses arithmetic coding and context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding to achieve efficient lossless compression of bi-level images. It operates on 2D image data, exploiting spatial redundancy between adjacent pixels and scan lines. This method allows JBIG to reduce file sizes significantly without any loss of image quality, making it distinct from lossy compression formats.
Files with the JBIG extension often appear in contexts where lossless compression is crucial, such as legal or archival document storage. The format supports progressive decoding, allowing images to be rendered quickly even if the entire file hasn't been received yet. Interestingly, JBIG paved the way for the more advanced JBIG2 standard, which improves compression further by recognizing repeated patterns.
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