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PPM stands for Portable Pixmap Format, a simple image file format used to store color images. It represents images in a plain text or binary format with pixel color information encoded in red, green, and blue values. This format is part of the Netpbm family, originally developed in the 1980s to facilitate easy image processing across different platforms. Its simplicity makes it popular in academic settings and for testing image processing algorithms.
A PPM file begins with a header that identifies the format (usually 'P3' for ASCII or 'P6' for binary), followed by the image width, height, and maximum color value. The pixel data follows, with each pixel represented by three color components (red, green, and blue), each ranging from 0 to the maximum color value, typically 255. The straightforward structure allows easy parsing and manipulation by software, making it a favorite choice in programming and image processing tutorials. Despite its simplicity, it lacks advanced features like compression or metadata support found in modern image formats.
PPM files are often used in conjunction with other Netpbm formats like PGM (Portable Graymap) and PBM (Portable Bitmap), allowing easy conversion between grayscale and color images. Because PPM files use raw pixel data, they tend to be larger and less compressed compared to formats like JPEG or PNG. Interestingly, their human-readable ASCII encoding option was designed to make manual editing and debugging easier. However, most applications prefer the binary encoding for faster read/write performance.
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