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XBM stands for X BitMap, a plain text image format used primarily in the X Window System for storing monochrome bitmaps. It was developed in the 1980s to facilitate easy sharing and display of simple graphics on Unix-based systems. The simplicity of XBM made it popular for icons and cursors in graphical user interfaces. Despite being replaced by more advanced formats, XBM files are still recognized for their straightforward structure.
An XBM file encodes an image as a C array of unsigned chars, with each bit corresponding to a pixel toggled on or off. The file begins with #define statements specifying the image width and height, followed by the bitmap data. Due to its text-based nature, XBM files are human-readable and editable with any text editor. However, their simplicity limits them to monochrome graphics, making them unsuitable for complex images.
XBM files are unique because they are actually C source code files containing hexadecimal values representing the bitmap image. This design choice allowed developers to include image data directly into C programs without needing external image loading code. The format supports only black-and-white images with no grayscale or color. Understanding XBM provides insight into early graphical computing and image representation.
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