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XPM stands for X PixMap, a plain text image format used primarily in the X Window System for storing icon pixmaps. It supports color images and allows editors to modify the image easily by reading the human-readable text. Interestingly, XPM was popular in the 1980s and 1990s for creating graphical user interfaces on Unix systems.
An XPM file defines an image by specifying the width, height, number of colors, and characters per pixel, followed by a color table and pixel data. The format is human-readable and editable, which distinguishes it from binary image formats like PNG or JPEG. It typically uses ASCII characters to represent colors, allowing easy integration with C code for UI development.
XPM files are essentially C programming language source files that describe pixel colors and image pixels in an ASCII format. This makes them unique because they can be directly included and compiled into C programs, which was useful in early Unix graphical applications. Despite its age, XPM is still supported by many image viewers and editors today.
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